Online BSN Nursing Degree Nursing Education has Significant Impact on Patient Mortality 2019

RNs have yet another reason to enroll in Online BSN Nursing Degree programs. A recent study revealed a startling link between nursing education and patient mortality. Surgery patients across Pennsylvania head a death rate nearly twice as high in hospitals with fewer Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) educated nurses. The September, 2017 study was featured in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). It included 168 hospitals and 232,342 surgery patients. Online BSN Nursing Degree Grads Preferred to Nurses with Years of Experience Even more surprising, years of nursing experience did not predict patient outcome. The leader of the study, Linda Aiken, RN, PhD, stated that the BSN-nursing-degree staff showed more effective critical thinking skills compared to less educated nurses. Study Urges Employers to Recruit more University of Phoenix BSN Nursing Degree Grads Overall results showed that a 10% increase in BSN educated nurses resulted in a 5% decrease in patient mortality. Study authors concluded that recruiting more BSN educated nurses and less 2 and 3 year degree nurses would have a positive impact on patient health. .u43c3bd6567491c75b511e926a4b943a3 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u43c3bd6567491c75b511e926a4b943a3:active, .u43c3bd6567491c75b511e926a4b943a3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u43c3bd6567491c75b511e926a4b943a3 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u43c3bd6567491c75b511e926a4b943a3 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u43c3bd6567491c75b511e926a4b943a3 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u43c3bd6567491c75b511e926a4b943a3:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ IT Colleges Are The Path To IT CareersFor more information about earning an Online BSN Nursing Degree, fill out this information request form. Additional nursing resources and links to nursing programs are available through College-Pages.com, the leading education and career resource website. Related ArticlesA Nursing ShortageOnline BSN Program Do Employers Differentiate between ADN and BSN NursesAttaining a Health Care Management Masters DegreeOnline Degree Options in Health CareOnline Education Options in HealthcarePennsylvania Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus Based Education in Pennsylvania

Plato s Teachings Of Philosophy - 1487 Words

Plato was a well known philosopher who lived during the time of the distinguished Greek philosophers. He was born into a wealthy and very noble family in the Athens. In the midst of preparation for his life long career as a politician, the young Plato witnessed the trial and eventual execution of Socrates. Little did he or anyone know this would ultimately lead him to completely abandon his political career and become one of the world’s most distinguished philosophers. Although Plato’s teachings are not universally agreed upon, virtually anyone can agree that that he was a brilliant thinker and spurred many thoughts and beliefs that are carried into today’s teachings of philosophy. While the precise relationship of Plato and Socrates remains a heated disagreement among scholars, Plato states that he was, in fact, a devoted follower of Socrates. Plato was highly influenced by Socrates’ teachings and highly disturbed by his execution, eventually leading him to establish an extremely powerful body of intellectual work. Plato is known to be a great writer as well as teacher. Some of Plato’s most famous teachings and writings had to do with his powerful argument that was in favor of the objectivity of values. He taught that objective values are those that exist outside the individual and are otherwise dependent upon their individual perception or personal belief. This can include truth, beauty, as well as good. Some other distinguished philosophers have come up withShow MoreRelatedGreek And Classical Greek Philosophy997 Words   |  4 Pages Classical Greek Philosophy A philosophy is the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, esp. when considered as an academic discipline. Greece was divided into several city-states, which ran separately and independent from each other. 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Plato’s novel, The Republic, influenced the idea of government and showsRead MoreQuestions On World Philosophy By Plato, Maria Montessori, And John Dewey1276 Words   |  6 PagesWorld Philosophy Paper Mikala: I ask you this, what is Knowledge? Plato: Knowledge is Virtue. Maria Montessori: Knowledge is what we observe. John Dewey: Knowledge is the active adaptation of a person based on their environment. This is an example of the Socratic dialog laid out by Plato. Plato was a philosopher and educator whom believed that education was the key to society. As a student, I realize how my education was impacted by philosophers such a Plato, Montessori, and Dewey. As a futureRead MorePhilosophy : The Liberalistic Philosophy Of Education807 Words   |  4 Pages Philosophy of Education 2 Perspective: The Liberalistic Philosophy of Education The empowerment of individuals within a community appeared to be nonexistent in Greek philosopher Plato s, Allegory of the Cave. 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Born in an aristocratic and rich family, Plato s childhood was indulgedRead MoreWhat Good Is Good?1716 Words   |  7 Pagesphilosopher, Socrates, Plato and Augustine, had their own idea of what good meant to them and even though they had similar thoughts on what good was they had different ideas of where it came from. Socrates was known to be one of the greatest philosophers of the Western Civilization. He lived during what he thought was the Golden Age (Bramann). There was little that people knew about Socrates himself because he did not write anything down. Most of his speeches and teachings were told through other

Introduction to Social Sciences Free Essays

Chapter 1 Introduction to Social Sciences Social Science: It is defined as: â€Å"Social Sciences is the study of behavior of how individuals interact with the society. † Every discipline except finance and accounting comes under the umbrella of social science. Branches of Social Science: Following are the branches of social sciences: * Anthropology * Archaeology * Public Administration * Communication * Criminology * Economics * Education * Government * Linguistics * International Relations * Political Science * Sociology * Human Geography * History * Law * Psychology Some of these are briefly explained below: * Economics: Economics is the study of how wealth is produced, distributed and consumed in the society. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to Social Sciences or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is basically the knowledge of wealth i. e. how and where investment should be made. * Communication Studies: In this, we study that when a message needs to be spread in the masses what techniques can be used that can prove to be helpful. In other words, we study that how news spreads in the society and in what manner people respond o it. * Education: Education means learning. Here you talk about the first hand experience you get from the society. It tells you how people learn and unlearn. * History: History is the study of past of human in the world. * Law: The rules and regulations that are made to govern the society. * Linguistics: It is basically the knowledge of phonetics. In this you study about the speaking pattern of the society. It is a fact that there is a change in language after every 5km. * Anthropology: The comparative study of human societies and cultures and their development is known as anthropology. * Human Geography: Human geography examines the natural environment and how the climate, life and land interact with each other. * Political Science: Political science is the study of social arrangement to maintain peace and order within a society. * Public Administration: Public Administration is concerned with the management of public programs, which interact with the residents of the community or region. Those who work in it should share a commitment to offer public service. * Psychology: Psychology is the study of human soul, mind, behavior, personality and how they affect an individual’s environment. * Sociology: Sociology is the systematic study of society and human social action. * One important point here should be kept in mind that the solution of social problems lies in social sciences like poverty and social science (economics). The solution of these problems should be a high priority for all of us. How to cite Introduction to Social Sciences, Papers Introduction to Social Sciences Free Essays Topic of study – Sociologist and Psychologist â€Å"Do people from deferent background Influence they choice of school they go to? † This topic Is derived from the article, which states: â€Å"What we are seeing Is that the students who are going to some of the more brand-name schools, they’re all coming from a certain background†¦ Expanded financial help for students who are keen to enter top independent schools but are put off for fear they cannot afford it or fit in. This might be of interest to both sociologist and psychologist, looking at the activities/ behavior of small groups at ground level, both will then examine whether what is mound on small scale applies on large scale. 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to Social Sciences or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1 Sociologist Approach For sociologist, the question they might ask could be: â€Å"How did this social idea comes about? ‘ Sociologists study the social norms and values, and also social processes like formation of power and status relationship. In this case, they may be interested to find out how come most students that are enrolled In elite schools are from better background. The social function for hilling practice might derive from schooling. It might be believed that students that graduated from an elite school have higher neighborhood school. This would then drive the parents who have adequate financial ability to enroll their children into a better school so that their child may have a better chance of getting employed in the future. As a result, students from better background will end up in top independent school as their parents can afford to put them through the education. 1. 2 Psychologist Approach As for psychologist, they may ask: â€Å"How do groups influence human behavior? They are interested in how it will develop one’s belief system. In this case, it is said that students from better background are enrolled in top schools. That being said, what ill happen if a student from normal background were to be awarded with study grant to be enrolled in the elite school? If students from top schools are mostly from better background, they w ill start thinking that because they come from better background, they are entitled to go into this school. Consequently, will a student from normal background choose to enroll into the elite school, if given study grant? There could be fear of being ostracizes and not being able to fit in due to the differences. While both disciplines are concerned on the same topic, the emphasis on sociology is the individual in interaction with others. On the other hand, psychology focuses on the individual, which explains human behavior. 2. Topic of study – Political Scientist and Economist â€Å"How effective is introducing niche program able to accommodate multiple pathway of success? † This might be of interest to both political scientist and economist as it both consists of decision making. The topic is derived from the article that mentioned: â€Å"†¦ Opportunity arises because we have been committed to this philosophy of many alternative ways of success. † 2. 1 Political Scientist Approach For political scientist, they study on who gets what, when and how. In short, they decide how the society should operate. They analyses the forms the institution takes and the process that emerge. Political scientists look at how the policy introduced will impact the situation. In this topic, the policy is introduced and time is taken to find out how effective is the proposed policy. . 2 Economist Approach For an economist, usually it decides on how to allocate scarce resources, deciding what to produce, how and for whom. In this case, they will be interested to know if the policy introduced will affect the labor market. With the program introduced, will it eve any significant impact on how the distribution, production, and consumption of might be an increase in new busi nesses emerging from graduates since the school they attended focuses on personal interest and competencies, rather than academic standing of school. On the other hand, there is also a concern whether Singapore will have enough Jobs to support the increase in graduates. 3. Social Science Discipline, Chosen Topic of Study and Hypothesis The social science discipline chosen to discuss in this essay will be sociology and the selected above topic: â€Å"Do people from different background influence they choice of school they go to? † 3. 1 Hypothesis With this topic, the hypothesis formed is: â€Å"Having a better background can influence the student’s choice of selecting top school†. 3. Variables They key variables are â€Å"better background†, â€Å"type of students† and â€Å"choice of top school† Independent variable, which can be changed during the study, is â€Å"Background†. Different type of background can be chosen to study anytime. Background is chosen as it can affect the type of school a student enrolls into. Having a better background means student can afford to study in ind ependent school. Dependent variable, which would be measured and counted in the study is â€Å"Choice of top school†. Choice of top school means the results of what the student chosen. Will a student from better background choose to enroll into a normal school because of the extra-curriculum offered or will the student choose a top independent school because he/she knows that they can afford it? This is the variable that is observed during the study. Controlled variable, which is not changed throughout the study, is â€Å"type of students†. The same type of students (graduating students who is at the stage of choosing their schools) is used for this study. It will not be fair if the students used are of different age group as they may have different maturity level in their way of thinking. Choosing the same age group of graduating students to study on the choice of school chosen to enrolled into will be the most desirable. 4. Developing Research Design This is the stage after hypothesis is formed. Decisions must be made about how best to obtain the data through research methods. By personalizing variables, questioned are asked to covert them into a form which is measurable or testable. In this topic, we are discussing about: â€Å"Having a better background can influence the student’s choice of school†. Do student has siblings or friends in the school they are enrolled in? – This is to measure if the choice is affected by other factors such as peers. How many students enrolled in top independent schools come from better background? -This is to measure the past and existing patterns, whether the social structure is built in a way that it influences them to choose the school because ‘it’s the way. 4. 2 Research Methods To test and bolster hypothesis formed, there will be research carried out and the 2 hat will be discussed here will be Survey and Secondary Data Research. 4. . 1 Survey Research This method is used for establishing facts and subjects of research will be a statistically valid sample of a population. A series of questions will be asked to collect the data needed. Questionnaires will be designed in a way that does not lead the subject. No. Question What is the top factor in mind when choosing a school? (a) Affordability (c)Friends/siblings state: 2. (b) Vicinity (d) Rank of school Others, please If given a choice to enroll in any school, will an elite school be your choice? (a) Yes (b) No For both answers, please explain why: 3. Do you think it is important to be in a school you feel socially accepted? (a) Yes Once these questions are designed, the next step is to survey the sample population. This survey can only be used at the point of time when the student is preparing to enroll 4. 2. 2 Secondary Data Research This method of research gathers relevant information on one’s research topic. One will be able to discover what other researchers have written related to that topic and what research methods they have used. It can also be used to obtain other research studies/methods backup or contradict one’s findings. As extracted from Ministry of Education Singapore Preliminary Replies, it shows that there is higher percentage of students from better background in top independent schools. With this backed up from a credible source, it supports the hypothesis that students from better background tend to be influenced and choose a top independent school. 5. Possible outcome of study This study shows that there is a possibility of social gap between the rich and poor in Singapore. Due to the influence that because students that comes from better background are choosing to enroll in brand-name schools, they think they are entitled to enter this school. This is a concern, as this social gap will also affect other factors such as the economic in Singapore. The income between rich and poor might widen, as the poor never got the chance to study in a good school for a better Job in the future. Policymaking is vital in Singapore as it maintain order in a country. It is a good effort to introduce niche program in schools and taking steps to tear down any walls that may reinforce elitism in Singapore. Definitely, there will not be instant results shown on how effect a policy is but people must be willing to accept and give it time to work. How to cite Introduction to Social Sciences, Papers

Bidding Procedure of British Petroleum

Question: Describe about the Bidding Procedure of British Petroleum? Answer: Introduction:- The BP plc, formerly known as British Petroleum is one of the largest oil and Gas Company among the six super major oil and gas companies in this world. It is a famous multinational company of Britain situated in London, England. In 2012, it acquired the place of worlds sixth largest oil and Gas Company of the world. It is a vertically integrated company and operates in all the areas of oil and Gas Company, which include production, exploration, marketing, distribution, trading, refining, power generation and petrochemicals. In bio fuels and wind power, it also has the renewable energy interest. However, the changing environment of the upstream crude oil procurement industry and the recent Deepwater Horizon disaster in Mexico in the year 2010, have generated various issues for the British Petroleum. As a result, there arises a situation of undertaking for the BP Plc, after the 1970s. However, an undertaking process by the potential bidders was not as easy as thought to be due to some political issues and managerial strategies. Attractions of BP as a possible take- As a possible take, BP has the following attractions:- It has a large capital stock or assets that could generate interest among different bidders or undertakers in the country. According to the financial report of 2012, it held the fifth position among the largest revenue earning oil and gas companies. Other foreign oil and gas companies of the world may interest to undertake this oil and gas company for the large amount of revenue earned by BP Plc (Bp.com, 2015). British Petroleum can secure the crude oil reserves and also can grow as a publically traded company. The company deals with developing the construction, exploration and operations, which will lead to a growth of the company in future if there is the flow of investments by the foreign undertakers. Since, the BP Plc depends on the long-term goal, the overseas investors of the company will incur high profits and there will be a possibility for the company to grow in future. However, in 2010, BP has faced the Deepwater Horizon disaster but currently it has developed a comprehensive programme to overcome the problems related to the upstream oil procurement division (Crunchbase.com, 2015). British Petroleum has planned a project named Project 20K including new business strategies, technologies and unique regulation approaches. This can easily attract the foreign companies to undertake the British Petroleum, as now they can easily overcome the uncertainties and costs of Disasters. In spite of some weaknesses, this company still has some strength as it has the expertise in the deep-water drilling process besides having 20% stake in Rosneft, which is the biggest oil company of Russia. At present year due to the fall in oil price, this company has faced 15% reduction in the capital expenditure for the 2010s Mexican disaster at suggested by USA law. This incident will help to reduce the fear for costly acquisition among the undertakers of BP. Recently, a $1 billion restructuring programme has been announced by BP, which will attract more investors to invest in it (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2013). Disadvantages of BP as a possible take- The main disadvantage of BP as a possible undertake is its vulnerable reputation after the Oil spill in deep water horizon in Mexican Gulf, in April 2010. These incidents caused a huge financial loss for BP. Hence, most of the foreign companies reluctant to undertake the British Petroleum for its improper management and safety issues. Day by day, the market share of BP is declining due to its bad reputation, which raises the uncertainty for the company as well as the possible undertakers (Ethicalconsumer.org, 2015). As BP is a multinational company, it is facing a huge challenge in different countries by their domestic national oil and gas companies. Because, these national oil and gas companies dominate the whole domestic oil market by receiving beneficial treatments and subsidies from the local government. Hence, at present it is very difficult for BP to operate as large revenue earning business firm in the international oil market after facing a huge competition from the side of the rival oil and gas companies. Therefore, there will be a risk for the foreign undertakers to operate this company. British Petroleum has 20% stake in the Russias biggest oil company Rosneft, but in recent years Rosneft is going through a declining phase by incurring a large amount of loss that intern cause a capital loss for BP as well as its undertakers. For the recent disasters of BP, the U.S. and the U.K., the government has introduced the tight environment regulations for BP, which act as a hindrance to its free production activity and business strategy. Hence, the new undertakers will not be able to take any new production process or business strategy that cause violation to these regulations (Islam, Khan and Chhetri, 2012). Some examples of problems that face these potential bidders:- According to many experts of the oil industry, the potential bidders of BP Plc will face some vulnerable problems while undertaking the oil BP oil company. These problems mainly related to some political issues and managerial styles. Problems related to Political issues:- Five years ago, the government adopted a huge bill after the disaster of Mexico Deepwater Horizon. According to this bill, the British government is completely opposed to the undertaking of BP Plc. The British Government is against the undertaking process of foreign investors as according to them it will not be a neutral process if there is a foreign takeover on the BP Oil Company. For example, in past, when the Exxon Mobile undertook the BP Plc, it had a full control over the BP, which also faced some other major problems while it was undertaken by the Anglo-Dutch Oil Shell. The U.K. government has some formal powers by which it can block a bid in such a manner that it can deter the foreign bidders from making a bid (Jacoby, 2012). The 2010 oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico also acts as a major political issue in the way of undertaking the BP Plc by the U.S. company Exxon as it includes a large amount of uncertainty. A laissze-fair approach to takeovers have been pursued by the Successive Labour and the Conservative government of Britain, but the two opposite parties have a protest against this bid respect to the business, political and public factors. Because of the political oppositions, the U.S. company Exxon is seen as being unlikely to launch a bid though BP has many assets that could create interest for the Exxon (Jimnez, 2014). Problems related to managerial styles:- In case of managerial system of BP Plc, there are some difficulties related to the integration of two companies i.e. BP Plc and Exxon due to some critical practices at BP, which has been suggested by the chief executive of Exxon to contribute to the disaster. The potential bidder Exxon is worry of overpaying for the acquisition of BP Plc. According to the chief executive BP Plc, the energy group of the potential bidders like Exxon had no appetite for a megamerger, which is similar to those that reshaped the oil industry in the 1990s (The Economic Times, 2015). The potential bidders are afraid of the vulnerability of BP while takeover the company because of the incident of Deepwater Horizon disaster (Kermani and Chevrot, 2012). BP is still bearing the huge cost of the disaster, which may be a burden on the potential future bidder. For the individuals and the businesses, which are affected by the spill, the company is bearing a large amount of cost. After the disaster of 2010, BP faced a continuous fall in its share price. The shareholders of BP Plc are also unsatisfied with the performance of the company as at present it offers a very low level of dividends to the shareholders. Over the past ten years, the shares of BP have fallen by one-fifth though there was 20% growth in the stock market (Myassignmenthelp.com, 2015). The effect of fall in oil price on take-over bid:- In the first quarter of 2015, the economy has faced a continuation in the low oil prices. However, there will be a conflict in the decision-making that whether this fall in oil price will accelerate any take-over bid on British Petroleum or whether it will cause another barrier for the bidders. Hence, two types of arguments can be considered in this case (Rusco, 2012). The fall in oil price will accelerate the take-over bid on BP:- Due to a fall in oil price there will be a fall in the overall production, transportation and restructuring cost of the environment, which will minimize the fear of overpaying among the new bidders. Hence, the new bidders will now be interested to undertake the company without any fear. With the fall in production cost, it will be easy for BP to compete with the domestic national oil and gas companies, which are mainly supported by the benefits and subsidies of local government (Openoil.net, 2015). With the fall in oil prices, a 15% reduction in capital expenditure of BP has been seen in recent years, which will accelerate the takeover bid in future. Besides BP has announced a restructuring program of $1 billion to accelerate its growth and business strategy that will attract many foreign companies for take-over. The reduction in oil price will also decline the expenditure or production cost of the foreign companies, which will increase the real income of those firm. That is now the foreign companies hold a greater amount of investable fund in their hand than before and can easily invest in the oil and gas companies like BP, which is undergoing through the deep financial crisis (Quotes.wsj.com, 2015). The fall in oil price act as a barrier to take-over bid on BP:- As there is a fall in oil prices like most of the oil and gas companies, British Petroleum is also suffering from the low level of profits. If this fall in price will continue farther, then BP will soon incur a loss. Then the foreign companies will not be interested anymore to undertake BP, as they cannot gain incentive by undertaking this oil and gas company. The fall in oil prices will lead to a fall in earning of BP, but according to U.S. law, it has to provide; compensation or cost for the 2010s Mexican deep-water disaster. In this situation, if a foreign company undertake BP in this situation then it has to carry this burden of the excess cost of BP (Reuters UK, 2015). Due to fall in oil price, there is a risk for any profit-making company to go for the undertaking procedure of a oil and gas company especially the company like British Petroleum which itself is suffering for the low market price and financial crisis (Rusco, 2009). Interpretation and conclusion:- Hence, from the above discussion it can be concluded that there are some advantages as well as disadvantages related to this undertaking or the Bidding Procedure Of British Petroleum. The advantages are mainly due to a large amount of revenues incurred by BP while the disadvantages of undertaking procedure are related to the vulnerable reputation of BP due to Gulf disaster of 2010. There are also some political factors and other managerial issues, which act as a hindrance to this undertaking procedure of BP. Therefore, even after the continuous fall in oil price in the first quarter of 2015, it can be specifically said that whether it will accelerate the take-over procedure or will act as a barrier to take-over. Different experts of oil and gas industry have provided different suggestions for BP to overcome the present uncertain situation. Hence, to avoid the uncertainties the BP should go for the new innovative techniques, which should be technologically improved to avoid the issues of difficulties in managerial styles and integration factors related to the production process. Besides the company should concentrate on the Corpora rate Social Responsibility (CSR) policy to avoid the environment issues. References Bp.com, (2015).BP Global. [online] Available at: https://www.bp.com/ [Accessed 31 Jul. 2015]. Crunchbase.com, (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/british-petroleum [Accessed 31 Jul. 2015]. Encyclopedia Britannica, (2013).BP PLC | British corporation. [online] Available at: https://www.britannica.com/topic/BP-PLC [Accessed 31 Jul. 2015]. Ethicalconsumer.org, (2015).Free buyers guide to Petrol Diesel, from Ethical Consumer. [online] Available at: https://www.ethicalconsumer.org/buyersguides/traveltransport/petroldiesel.aspx [Accessed 31 Jul. 2015]. Islam, R., Khan, M. and Chhetri, A. (2012).Green petroleum. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Jacoby, D. (2012).Optimal supply chain management in oil, gas, and power generation. Tulsa, Okla.: PennWell Corp. Jimnez, E. (2014). Hydrogen Strategic Complement of Oil, Coal, Gas and Renewable Energy.British Journal of Economics, Management Trade, 4(3), pp.400-419. Kermani, B. and Chevrot, T. (2012).Recommended practice for corrosion management of pipelines in oil and gas production and transportation (EFC 64). Leeds: Maney Pub. Myassignmenthelp.com, (2015).pog210 oil gas management,can britain retain ownership of its former imperial. [online] Available at: https://myassignmenthelp.com/answers/pog210-oil-gas-management-can-britain-retain-ownership-of-its-former-imperial-oil.html [Accessed 31 Jul. 2015]. Openoil.net, (2015).Mapping BP using open data to track Big Oil : OpenOil. [online] Available at: https://openoil.net/mapping-bp-using-open-data-to-track-big-oil/ [Accessed 31 Jul. 2015]. Quotes.wsj.com, (2015).BP Stock Price News - BP PLC ADR - Wall Street Journal. [online] Available at: https://quotes.wsj.com/BP [Accessed 31 Jul. 2015]. Reuters UK, (2015).COLUMN-BP must remain British, says Whitehall: Kemp. [online] Available at: https://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/04/27/bp-britain-kemp-idUKL8N0XO2VN20150427 [Accessed 31 Jul. 2015]. Rusco, F. (2009).Federal oil and gas management. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Govt. Accountability Office. Rusco, F. (2012).Oil and gas management. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Govt. Accountability Office. Rusco, F. (2012).Oil and gas management. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Govt. Accountability Office. The Economic Times, (2015).British Petroleum less likely to be acquired after $18.7 billion settlement, says CEO - The Economic Times. [online] Available at: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/business/british-petroleum-less-likely-to-be-acquired-after-18-7-billion-settlement-says-ceo/articleshow/48254351.cms [Accessed 31 Jul. 2015].

7 Ways You’re Messing Up Your 401k

7 Ways You’re Messing Up Your 401k A 401k can be a magical thing. It’s a tax shelter available to most every American that can offer great returns- particularly if you have a matching program to take advantage of. But you may not know all there is to know about this personal financial tool. Read up on a few ways in which you might be messing with the goose that wants to lay your golden eggs, and make sure you’re not doing any of these things:1. Not Being MatchedIt seems obvious: don’t turn down free money. And you get free money if you contribute enough to trigger your company’s matching plan. Usually, this is about 3-5% of your gross. Figure out what corners you need to cut to make this possible, and then smile your way to the bank.2. Not Maxing OutContributing 5% is great, but if you can configure things to  do better, you definitely should. Depending on your tax bracket and age, you can defer between $18k and $24k of your salary. Put in as much as you possibly can- and more if you and your spouse are both working.3. Borrowing From YourselfIt’s so tempting, but unless you’re in an absolute emergency situation, act as though your 401k is totally off-limits until retirement. You’ll be penalized and taxed for withdrawals and loans come with a high tax rate. And remember: if a big emergency expense does come up, you could consider using your credit instead. Worst case scenario, most 401ks remain safe in bankruptcy proceedings.4. Transferring/Cashing OutIf you’re switching jobs, don’t cash out your 401k or you’ll have to pay a 10% tax penalty. But don’t just roll it over into your new employer’s plan either. Consider opening a traditional IRA; there won’t be a penalty if you follow the appropriate procedures, and then you have much more investment freedom.5. Not Upping Your ContributionEvery time your pay rises, automatically increase the size of your 401k contribution. Try living on your old salary and put ting the whole difference away for retirement. This helps you avoid lifestyle creep and means you can retire earlier and better.6. Not Managing Your PortfolioKeep and eye on your allocations. Are you investing too much or too little in stocks? Are you risking too much or too little? How close are you to the golden retirement age? Are you being the right amount of careful for where you are in your career? Don’t just fall asleep at the wheel and let good money get drained away by unanticipated market crashes.7. Not DiversifyingDon’t just put all of your 401k in one fund, particularly if your 401k is your primary investment source. Try to cover four categories: index, growth, international, and bonds. This will spread out your risk and keep your portfolio diverse. And make sure to choose funds with low fees (i.e. expense ratios of less than 1%).

Definition and Examples of Dysphemisms in English

Definition and Examples of Dysphemisms in English Dysphemism is the substitution of a more offensive or disparaging word or phrase for one considered less offensive, such as the use of the slang term shrink for psychiatrist. Dysphemism is the opposite of euphemism. Adjective: dysphemistic. Though often meant to shock or offend, dysphemisms may also serve as in-group markers to signal closeness. Linguist  Geoffrey Hughes points out that [a]lthough  this linguistic mode has been  established for centuries and the term dysphemism was first recorded in 1884, it has only recently acquired even a specialist currency,  being  unlisted in many general dictionaries and reference books (An Encyclopedia of Swearing, 2006). See Examples and Observations  below. Also, see: CacophemismConnotations and DenotationsCursingHow to Flatter an Audience With Euphemisms, Dysphemisms, and DistinctioPejorative LanguagePropagandaSwear Word EtymologyFrom the Greek, a non word Examples and Observations When applied to people, animal names are usually dysphemisms: coot, old bat, pig, chicken, snake, skunk, and bitch, for example.Euphemisms and Dysphemisms for DeathThere is virtually no aspect of human experience free from dysphemism. . . .Death generates such typical  euphemisms as to pass away, to pass on, to depart this life, go to ones Maker, and so on. Parallel dysphemisms would be to snuff it, to croak, and to push up daisies, since these allude graphically and cruelly to the physical aspect of death, down to breathing ones last, the death rattle, and being reincorporated into the cycle of nature.(Geoffrey Hughes,  An Encyclopedia of Swearing. Routledge, 2006)Dysphemisms and Stylistic DiscordSpeakers resort to dysphemism to talk about people and things that frustrate and annoy them, that they disapprove of and wish to disparage, humiliate and degrade. Curses, name-calling and any sort of derogatory comment directed towards others in order to insult or to wound them are all examples of dysphemism. Exclamatory swear words that release frustration or anger are dysphemisms. Like euphemism, dysphemism interacts with style and has the potential to produce stylistic discord; if someone at a formal dinner party were to publicly announce Im off for a piss, rather than saying Excuse me for a moment, the effect would be dysphemistic.(Keith Allan and Kate Burridge, Forbidden Words: Taboo and the Censoring of Language. Cambridge University Press, 2006) Gratuity and TipI used to think gratuity was a euphemism for tip until I discovered that I had got it the wrong way round, and that tip was a dysphemism for gratuity. . . . Gratuity is much older than tip, and originally meant a gift made to anyone, including an equal.(Nicholas Bagnall, Words. The Independent, December  3, 1995)Dysphemisms and SlangWhen we think of euphemisms, we think of words that are substituted because their connotations are less distressing than the words they replace. In slang you frequently have the opposite phenomenon, dysphemism, where a relatively neutral word is replaced with a harsher, more offensive one. Such as calling a cemetery a boneyard. Referring to electrocution as taking the hot seat would be another. . . . Even more dysphemistic would be to fry.(Interview with J. E. Lighter, American Heritage, October  2003)Dysphemisms in ContextA jocular approach to death is only dysphemistic if the Hearer can be expected to regard it as offensive. For inst ance, if a doctor were to inform close family that their loved one has pegged out during the night, it would normally be inappropriate, insensitive, and unprofessional (i.e., dysphemistic). Yet given another context with quite a different set of interlocutors, the same expression could just as well be described as cheerfully euphemistic.(Keith Allan and Kate Burridge, Euphemism and Dysphemism. Oxford University Press, 1991) Pronunciation: DIS-fuh-miz-im Also Known As: cacophemism

Image of nursing speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Image of nursing speech - Essay Example This question can be answered by arguing that, despite these other professions being portrayed inaccurately with stereotypes; they do not possess the same â€Å"baggage† as nursing. For example, despite the mockery, medicine and law are respected professions whose practitioners are usually assumed as well educated and competent. It should be understood that the work of a nurse is equally demanding, and most of the nurses have advanced in their career education, yet for several reasons the public take us for granted. There are several antecedents of nursing image, most of the antecedents have painted negatively nursing image, they include: media; the media have fuelled majority of the stereotypes, in that it usually portrays nurses as naive as compared to other health care professionals. For example, several movies and advertisements have portrayed the negative image of nurses during their shows, like making the acting nurse to behave like a doctor’s puppet who is helple ss when the doctor is not there. This makes the public view nursing profession as a lesser profession in the health care. Gender and poor communication: Gender role is one aspect that children learn during their developmental milestone, and it usually leads to gender role stereotypes. Nursing is linked to female profession because it is much dominated by female gender as compared to the male gender. This has been perceived by several journalists as a barrier to communication, since nurses are not able to speak to various media houses to air their concerns to the public and other stakeholders. This has made nurses and the nursing profession to be like a land locked nation that is not known by majority of the public. Moreover, several scholars argue that, the public view male dominant profession like medicine as more powerful than female dominant professions such as nursing. Clothing style: the main aim of introduction of the uniform in

Bailey Corporation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bailey Corporation - Case Study Example Capital structure represents the proportion in which various long-term capital components are employed. The capital decisions have been recognized as the most important decisions affecting the successful working of any firm. This is due to the fact that the capital structure affects the cost of capital, net profit, earnings per share, dividends payout ratio and liquidity position of the firm. These variables coupled with a number of other factors determine the value of a firm. Therefore capital structure is a very important determinant of the value of a firm. There are different forms of financial securities offered by a company in order to secure the required funds from the investors. The most common method of raising long term finance is the issue of common stock. The common stocks of a corporation do not carry any special rights in terms of payment of dividend as compared to preferred stock. Preferred stocks carry a specific percentage of return on the investments by the preferred stock holders. In addition the preferred stock holders stand in priority to the common stock holders in getting a distribution of the assets of a corporation in the event of its winding up. In some instances the preferred stock holders also carry special voting rights as distinguished from the common stock holders. Convertible securities are bonds or preferred stocks that are convertible into a specified number of shares of common stock at the option of the stock holder. This is yet another of form financial security being offered by the corporations to secure the long term investment of the stock holders. The convertible security provides the convertible holder a fixed return in the form of interest or dividend and also the option to exchange a bond or preferred stock for common stock. Warrants and derivatives are a relatively long term option to purchase common stock at a specified exercise price over a specified period of time. Warrants are used to obtain a lower interest rate and to raise funds when the firm is considered as having a marginal credit risk. Warrants are also issued to compensate the underwriters and venture capitalists at the time of founding a company in return for their services or as commission payable to them. (Chapter 22) Bailey Corporation Case a) Number of Shares Outstanding 1,800,000 New shares Issued 800,000 Total Number of Shares 2,600,000 Retained Earnings $ 7,580,000 Earnings per Share after the Offering $ 2.92 (7,580,000/2,600,000) Assumed price earnings 12 Initial Price per share 12 * 2.92 $ 35.04 b) Total proceeds 800,000 * $ 35.04 $ 28,032,000 Less: Underwriting spread @ 5% $ 1,401,600 Less: Out of Pocket Expenses 300,000 Total Cost $ 1,701,600 Net Proceeds $ 26,330,400 c) Current Earnings $ 7,580,000 Number of original outstanding stock 1,800,000 EPS on original stock outstanding $ 4.21 ($ 7,580,000/1,800,000) Return needed for achieving

The Difference Between Modern And Medieval States Essay

The Difference Between Modern And Medieval States - Essay Example The basic advantage of a democratic political system is the scope for decision-making about the ruling power of the country by the general citizens of the country. The second advantage is that the system averts the emergence of monopoly rule of the party in possession of the central power. Functions in favor of the general public have to be ensured by the political party effectively. Moreover, a feeling of responsibility emerged among the ruling class towards the general citizens through this political system since they owe these common people their very accomplishment in the state elections. This feeling helps the ruling party gain an inspiration for the proper fulfillment of their duties. Moreover, the responsibility of the citizens towards the society in which they are residing also increased through this system, as they are the ones choosing the ruling class. However, since every political system has certain structural flaws democracy is no exception. Common people can in some in stances make the choice that proves to be wrong for the society being unconscious of every political matter and hence the decision may affect the society. Moreover, the public can be sometimes easily influenced in taking wrong decisions. Common people can be manipulated through hordes thus forcing them to take some decision under the pressure of the majority. However, despite these flaws, this political system encourages team effort and prohibits the authority in performing against the desire of the majority.

The Rogerian approach to therapy and its limitations

The Rogerian approach to therapy and its limitations One of the phrases that Carl Rogers used to describe his therapy is supportive, not reconstructive. It is possible to explain a person to himself, to prescribe steps which should lead him forward, to train him in knowledge about a more satisfying mode of life. But such methods are, in my experience, futile and inconsequential. The most they can accomplish is some temporary change, which soon disappears, leaving the individual more than ever convinced of his inadequacies (Rogers 1961, p33). Influences Rogers never undertook specific training as a psychotherapist (Rogers and Russell 2002, p242), and was initially heavily influenced by his childhood and the restrictions and control exercised by his parents and by an early tutor, Goodwin Watson. Philosophically, Rogers cites Emerson, and in particular Kierkegaard and Buber as his key influences (Rogers and Russell 2002, p169). Psychologists influencing him included Maslow, Combs and Snygg (Nelson-Jones 2000 p99) Rogers belief in an individuals capacity for self-direction although primarily founded on his clinical experienceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦was buttressed by his understanding of Ranks work (Rogers and Russell 2002, p9), and he talks of being much influenced by Jesse Taft and Frederick Allen as well as alluding to the work of Karen Horney in his paper on newer concepts in psychotherapy in December 1940. Theoretical Development Corey (2001, p170) references Zimring and Raskins (1992) identification of four definitive periods of development in Rogers approach, commencing in the 1940s with the introduction of non-directive counseling. Corey comments He caused a great furor when he challenged the basic assumption the the counselor knows bestà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Based on his conviction that diagnostic concepts and procedures were inadequate, prejudicial, and often misused, he omitted them from his approach. During this time Rogers placed emphasis on a permissive and non-directive climate aiming to gain insight into client feelings. During the second period, Rogers shifted focus from the therapists approach onto the phenomenological world of the client. The clients internal frame of reference and the actualising tendency as the driver for change received attention, with the approach subsequently being renamed client-centred therapy. The third period observes Rogers further refine his approach, focusing on the nature of becoming the self one truly is (Corey p170), or the necessary and sufficient conditions of therapy as outlined by Rogers in his article in volume 21 of the Journal of Consulting Psychology in 1957 (Kirschenbaum and Henderson p 219-235), in which he explains his hypothesis for a set of facilitative conditions related to psychotherapeutic change. Rogers also undertook extensive research into the client / therapist relationship at this time. The final stage outlined is 1970 onwards when the focus became far broader, encompassing education, industry and world politics, subsequently becoming the person-centred approach. Rogers early work in counselling and psychotherapy therefore outlined new concepts in the world of psychotherapy suggesting a new way of viewing the therapy relationship. These developments resulted in the formulation of a non-directive approach with an emphasis on the present rather past, feelings rather than thoughts and focussing on the clients rather than the therapists resources. This led to a supportive therapy relationship, which Thorne (1992) believes Rogers maintained as key to the therapeutic process throughout his life. the whole conceptual framework of Rogers ideas rests on his profound experience that human beings become increasingly trust-worthy once they feel at a deep level that their subjective experience is both respected and progressively understood (Thorne 1992, p26) Key Concepts In a 1957 article in the Journal of Consulting Psychology, Rogers listed the conditions of the therapeutic process in which such an atmosphere can come about. For constructive personality change to occur, it is necessary that these conditions exist and continue over a period of time: Two persons in psychological contact The first, whom we shall term the client, is in a state of incongruence, being vulnerable or anxious The second person, whom we shall term the therapist, is congruent or integrated in the relationship The therapist experiences unconditional positive regard for the client. The therapist experiences an empathic understanding of the clients internal frame of reference and endeavours to communicate this experience to the client. The communication to the client of the therapists empathic understanding and unconditional positive regard is to a minimal degree achieved. No other conditions are necessary. If these six conditions exist, and continue over a period of time, this is sufficient. The process of constructive personality change will follow. (Kirschenbaum and Henderson p221) Stedmans provide a medical definition of Supportive psychotherapy as psychotherapy aiming at bolstering the patients psychological defences and providing reassurance, as in crisis intervention, rather than probing provocatively into the patients conflicts and in consideration of this the above conditions can be interpreted as a framework for the provision of a supportive environment for the therapeutic process. Therapeutic Process The case of Mary Jane Tilden, seen by Rogers in 1946, is noted by Patricia Raskin (1996, p135) as being an excellent example of the classical Rogerian approach, subsequently being subject to review from both client-centred and contemporary psychoanalytic viewpoints. The case of Mary Jane involves a withdrawn woman of 20 brought into therapy by her mother, seemingly struggling to break free from the influence of others and to resolve deep internal conflicts, apparently having tried but repeatedly failing to pass through the adolescent stages of life into maturity. Rogers had a total of 11 sessions with Mary Jane, during which marked changes are seen to take place, particularly in the later sessions when more rapid change becomes evident. Throughout the early sessions Rogers continues to support, recognise and clarify feelings even when the client portrays an extremely bleak outlook, making repeated references to sanatoriums, inadequacy, comparison to others and even mentioning suicide and possible brain damage. Mary Jane repeatedly tries to place ownership onto Rogers, asking many questions and seemingly becoming quite frustrated at his refusal to provide answers. Rogers refuses to supply answers whilst consistently remaining empathic and supportive. In the third session we see Mary Jane pushing for answers but interestingly on this occasion when left to her own thinking she works out the answer for herself. Reviewing the Mary Jane case Dingman (1996) considers that Rogers consistently refrained from providing the answers or strategies repeatedly requested, or to provide advice or guidance choosing instead to remain emphatically present, to understand her frustration and confusion without prescription for changeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [and] would not undermine Mary Janes movement toward encountering fully the what I am by providing answers (Farber Brink and Raskin 1996, p202). Although tentative moves toward improvement in earlier sessions are apparent, a definite step change is noted during session seven as Mary Jane recognises her internal conflicts. Lengthy pauses prevail as Rogers allows time for independent information processing and solution identification. In session eight the realisation of her parents influence becomes apparent however the hopelessness is now clearly interspersed with awareness, insight and tentative positivity. Dingman proposes within the empathic enclosure that Rogers provided, Mary Janes introspective, intellectual interest in self shifted slowly to more primary experiencing (Farber Brink and Raskin 1996, p202). Geller and Gould (1996) acknowledge Rogers achieved success in strengthening Mary Janes capacities for autonomy and mutuality and that she had become increasingly self-accepting, but argue Rogers and Mary Jane never did achieve full agreement on the goals of treatment, their relative responsibilities or the kind of relationship required to do the therapy work (Farber Brink and Raskin 1996, p218). They argue Rogers responded to Mary Janes strengths but was neither empathic nor perceptive about her more negative feelings, failing to address unconscious conflicts and therefore potentially limiting the depth of her explorations in these areas. They question whether follow through would have produced more enduring gains. Accelerated change is observed during the last few sessions, with Mary Jane confronting dependence issues. Although still asking questions she no longer pushes for responses, instead progressing to answer independently. In the final session Mary Jane speaks of progress made and changes experienced, noting that it has become easier to talk with more reliance on instinct and an ability to act natural. Raising concern improvement may be temporary, she nonetheless appears confident that she now has the ability to cope. Considering Mary Janes movement toward adjustment, Dingman refers to the necessity for resolution of all her preconceived notions of what she should do and should be prior to ceasing to resist and so shift toward acceptance of what I am, stating Evaluation, comparison, analysis, the longing to be what one is not all this had to die for the new living pattern to emerge. (Farber Brink and Raskin 1996, p208) In reviewing Rogers management of the case, Geller and Gould comment Rogers style of working can be viewed as essentially directed toward helping Mary Jane forge a cohesive sense of self, capable of individuationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Rogers primary aim was to support the development of the clients unique individuality and expressiveness further stating the belief that Rogers approach did promote therapeutic change in Mary Jane through consistently providingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦empathic responsiveness tempered by optimal frustration, remaining non-judgemental and through a refusal to provide answers or to provide guidance or reassurance thus forcing Mary Jane to take increasing responsibility for her own life. (Farber Brink and Raskin 1996, p224) Geller and Gould state the classical psychoanalytical view that reconstruction was paramount to the therapeutic process, noting that this view has since evolved to recognise the role of the relationship and concluding that Carl Rogers demonstrated, 20 years before the current popularity of short term psychodynamic psychotherapy, that it was possible to achieve ambitious therapeutic goals within a relatively short space of time and believe that [Mary Jane] did create some enduring internalized representations of Rogers warmth, support and helpfulness. (Farber Brink and Raskin 1996, p228) The case is therefore a good example of Rogers not deconstructing the past to effect reconstruction, consistently remaining supportively and empathically present. Mary Jane, rather than the therapist, carried out independent deconstruction with subsequent disintegration of all analysis and previous structure before progression toward a reconstructed self resultant from a supportive and empathic relationship. Reconstructive Therapy In understanding the term reconstructive therapy Stedmans definition is considered: a form of therapy such as psychoanalysis, that seeks not only to alleviate symptoms but also to produce alterations in maladaptive character structure and to expedite new adaptive potentials; this aim is achieved by bringing into consciousness an awareness of insight into conflicts, fears, inhibitions, and their manifestations. Sperry states supportive psychotherapy is differentiated from reconstructive psychotherapy and considers the goal of reconstructive psychotherapy is to work through the abandonment depressionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ This leads to the achievement of ego autonomy and the transformation of split object relations into whole object relation and the split ego into a whole ego. Supportive psychotherapy is noted as being less intensive and regressive. (Sperry 2003, p97) To achieve deeper understanding of differences between reconstructive and Rogerian therapy, Interpersonal Reconstructive Therapy is considered. Benjamin states therapy starts with learning to recognise your patterns, where they came from and what they are for (Benjamin 2006, p21), considering problem behaviours and associated symptoms represent attachment centred around dysfunctional relationships with important persons in early life, referencing Bowlbys 1977 assumption that important early relationships provide internal working models for a child. Benjamin explains The linchpin of IRTà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦is the process of coming to terms with important persons and their internalised representations (IPIRs)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦coming to terms compares to working through in traditional psychodynamic therapy (Benjamin 2006 p73). In total contrast to the Rogerian approach, IRT is structured and directive, aiming at reconstruction and is configured of five sequential steps commencing with the identification of patterns. Movement through a deconstruction stage relying heavily on regression, before progression through a reconstruction process leads to final embracing of change. The goal is that the impossible wishes that support the quest for psychic proximity to the IPIRs must be recognised, grieved for and given up. Then reconstruction of personality can begin (Benjamin 2006 p326) Research Basavanthappa (2007) considers Supportive therapy to be the most widely practised form of individual psychotherapy today, and on review of the Mary Jane Tilden case there is seemingly agreement that Rogers supportive approach successfully achieved a positive outcome. To quantify these opinions research evidence is explored, prior to consideration and discussion of any potential limitations a strictly Rogerian approach may present. Two independent studies (Friedli et al 1997; Bower et al 2000) based on randomised, controlled assessment concluded that person-centred, non-directive therapy more than holds its own compared with other forms of therapy. (Feltham and Horton, 2006, p296) Analysing the outcome of The Menniger Psychotherapy Research Project carried out in the 1950s, Howitz (1974) suggested that patientsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦did improve significantly in supportive therapy, given the achievement of a powerful therapeutic alliance. (Fonagy, nd). Reanalysis by Wallerstein in 1986, reported on the long term follow up (Fonagy, nd), and Sperry (2003) states the report outcomes suggest that supportive treatment is able to bring about the basic personality changes that were expected only from reconstructive dynamic psychotherapy, before concluding despite Kerbergs (84) characteristic of Supportive Psychotherapy as a treatment of last resort Supportive Psychotherapy is a potent intervention. (Sperry 2003, p98) The Hamburg study (1981), involving comparison of client-centred and psychoanalytic therapy, concluded In direct comparison of psychological test scores between cct and pt groups, few significant differences emerged and none of those that did were replicated in subsequent analyses. (Fonagy nd, p301). Cooper (2008, p128) notes that psychotherapy researchers such as Lambert have estimated that relational factors account for around 30% of the variance in outcomes whilst technique and orientation factors may contribute only 15% toward overall outcome of therapy with Wampold (2001) calculating a much lower figure of only 1%. Furthermore, the Task Force of the Psychotherapy Division of the American Psychological Association, found demonstrably effective elements for positive therapeutic outcomes to include empathy (Bohart et Al 2002) and promising and probably effective elements to include positive regard (Farber and Lane 2002) and congruence or genuiness (Klein et al 2002) (Feltham and Horton, 2006, p67). Research by Bohart and Tallmand (1999:51) concluded from a client perspective, the most important aspects of therapy typically are the non-technological factors: having a time and place to talk; having someone care, listen and understand; having someone provide encouragement and reassurance; having someone offer an external perspective and advice (Cooper 2008, p99). These findings reinforce Heines 1950 study quoted by Rogers (1967) concluding that regardless of therapeutic orientation it was the attitudinal elements in the relationship that accounted for positive outcome. These include trust felt in the therapist, being understood by the therapist, the feeling of independence they had had in making choices and decisions and therapist ability to clarify and state feelings. Elements found to be unhelpful included the giving of direct specific advice or emphasising past history rather than present problems. Cooper concludes that the quality of the therapeutic relationship is closely associated with therapeutic outcomes across both relationally and non-relationally orientated therapies (Cooper 2008, p120). On review of empirically supported treatments subjected to rigorous experimental studies against specific forms of psychological distress, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is repeatedly presented as a treatment of proven effectiveness (Cooper (2008) p38-45), consequently being adopted by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) as a treatment of choice for many psychological disorders. Cooper notes, however, that the lack of evidence does not correlate to lack of effectiveness pointing out the need for further research to support the effectiveness of other therapies. In summarising technique and practice factors, Cooper considers that although there is little evidence to support the effectiveness of one technique over any other, CBT has the strongest evidence base, particularly for anxiety related issues. Cooper also suggests that although there is evidence to support directive and non-directive methods extremes of either should be avoided. Humanistic techniques, when undertaken effectively and with the result of deepening levels of experiencing and emotional processing can be linked to positive therapeutic outcome. (Cooper 2208, p154) Research by Glass and Arnkoff (2000) suggests that a collaborative approach is favourable, and whilst the above research promotes the effectiveness of CBT, Kirschet al. (1995) found hypnotic procedures have been found to significantly enhance the efficacy of CBT (Cooper 2008, p174). One such model taking this approach is presented by Assen Aladdin in his Cognitive Hypnotherapy model, with Aladdin quoting research studies by Schoenberger (2000) and Kirsch, Montgomery and Saperstein (1995) as concluding that hypnotherapy was found to be significantly superior to non-hypnotic treatment when combined with CBT (Aladdin 2008, p10). Limitations Considering limitations of the client-centred approach Corey (2001) quotes feedback from an exercise by Cain (1988): Person centred therapy is too simple. It is limited to techniques of attending and reflecting. The approach is ineffective and leads to undirected rambling by the client. Rather than emphasising the counsellor as a person, it would be better to focus on developing a variety of techniques that can be applied to solving specific problems. More emphasis should be placed on systematic training of counselling skills and less on the attitudes of the counsellor. It is not necessarily true that individuals have within them a growth potential or actualising tendency. Not all clients have the capacity to trust their own inner direction and find their own answers. (Corey 2001, p186) In reviewing the above, one could question whether these represent the failings of the approach if carried out incompletely than in the method originally intended by Rogers. Indeed, prior to this Corey comments Therapist authenticity and congruence are so vital to this approach that those who practice within this framework must feel natural in doing so à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ If not, a real possibility is thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦therapy will be reduced to a bland, safe, and ineffectual pabulum. (Corey 2001, p185) By nature, the purist Rogerian approach is heavily dependant on the therapist and their abilities to meet the conditions Rogers considered essential to ensure necessary and sufficient conditions of therapy, and therefore the extent to which the outcome is also dependent on the therapist has to be questioned. On reviewing the nine case commentaries in The Psychotherapy of Carl Rogers Cases and Commentaries (1996), it becomes apparent how inconsistent Rogers approach can appear, with notable changes in both his style and approach between clients, not only indicating the importance of therapist ability but further questioning the extent of therapist influence on the process. Research by Sasche(2004) concluded that clients are not particularly good, by themselves, at deepening their levels of processing and that they are strongly influenced by their therapists statements Sasche explains that deepening statements conducive to more productive therapeutic work are actively achieved by the therapist through reflection at a deeper level, with flattening statements reflecting back at the same or shallower level producing more superficial client processing (Cooper 2008, p141). This suggests the therapist is therefore very much in control of the therapy process, even in a non-directive approach. Whilst it is evident on study of Rogers cases that he frequently encourages deepening of experience in the way that his reflection is carried out, he also appears to subtlety challenge clients in the process. Corey (2001, p185) notes that many therapists fail to achieve this and that they have limited the range of their responses and counselling styles to reflections and emphatic listening becoming client-centred to the extent that they diminish the value of their own power as a person and thus lose the impact of their personality on the client Conclusion There is considerable research evidence suggesting the importance of the therapeutic relationship, and moreover to the specific qualities of empathy, positive regard and congruence all of which are pivotal to Rogerian therapy, however further empirical research is required to enable links to positive outcomes for specific psychological issues. research evidence that the therapeutic conditions are both necessary and sufficient is not unequivocal, though much of it suffers from inadequate methodology and the possibility of poorly reported and discussed reportsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦this research forms the basis of the mainstream viewà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦that the therapeutic relationship is the key factor in successful outcome. (Feltham and Horton 2006 p296) Whilst the relationship is evidently key for a positive therapeutic outcome, utilising relationship alone relies solely on therapists ability to emulate Rogers intended approach. It is logical to assume this is likely to produce more inconsistent results than a structured therapy integrating the Rogerian approach could achieve. There is also evidence to suggest that extremes of either directiveness or passiveness are detrimental and also that a collaborative approach is the most appropriate intervention in ensuring a positive outcome. A feasibly conclusion can be drawn that a collaborative approach (Glass and Arnkoff 2000) combining a relationship comprising empathy, positive regard and congruence (Task Force Study) with CBT (Cooper 2008) and enhanced by hypnotherapy (Kirsch et al 1995) could hold the potential to provide a consistently effective and positive therapeutic intervention in the alleviation of psychological disorders with further empirical research needed to prove efficacy for specific forms of psychological distress.

Core Elements of Health Education and Risk Reduction Activities Essay

Core Elements of Health Education and Risk Reduction Activities A number of core elements should be considered in health education and risk reduction program and evaluation activities. Effective Health Education and Risk Reduction program activities: †¢ State realistic, specific, measurable, and attainable program goals and objectives. †¢ Identify methods and activities to achieve specific goals and objectives. †¢ Define staff roles, duties, and responsibilities. †¢ Define the populations to be served by geographic locale, risk behavior(s), gender, sexual orientation, and race/ethnicity. †¢ Assure that educational materials and messages are relevant, culturally competent, and language- and age-appropriate. †¢ Include professional development for all program staff. †¢ Include a written policy and personnel procedures that address stress and burnout. †¢ Include written procedures for the referral and tracking of clients to appropriate services outside of the agency. †¢ Provide for collaboration with other local service providers to assure access to services for clients. †¢ Assure confidentiality of persons served. Effective Health Education and Risk Reduction evaluation activities: †¢ Include process evaluation. †¢ Require consistent and accurate data collection procedures, including number of persons served, quantity and type of literature or materials distributed, and demographics of persons served. A description of the tools to be used and definitions of various measurements (e.g., "unit of service" and "contact") should be outlined. †¢ Include staff supervision, observation, evaluation, and feedback on a regular basis. †¢ Include feedback from persons served. †¢ Designate staff who are responsible for evaluation and quality assurance activities, for compiling and analyzing data, and for documenting and reviewing findings. †¢ Define methods for assessing progress toward stated proc... ...apters to read Aug. 21 - Course outline 26 - The Meaning of Health and Wellness 1 28 - The Meaning of Health and Wellness 1 Sept. 2 – Health Promotion 2 4 - Health Promotion 2 9 - Health Education 3 11 - No class 16 - History of Health Education and Health Promotion 4 18 - History of Health Education and Health Promotion 4 23 - Health Education and Promotion as a Profession 5 25 - Health Education and Promotion as a Profession 5 30 - Settings for Health Education and Promotion 6 Oct. 2 - Settings for Health Education and Promotion 6 7 - Mid-term exam 9 – Fall break 14 - Coordinated School Health Programs 7 16 - Government Initiatives 8 21 - Programs that work 9 23 - Programs that work 9 28 - Learning and Behavior Change: Theories and Models 10 30 - Learning and Behavior Change: Theories and Models 10 Nov. 4 - Needs Assessment, Planning, and Program Implementation 11 6 - Needs Assessment, Planning, and Program Implementation 11 11 - Evaluation 12 13 - Evaluation 12 18 - Current and Future Issues in Health Education and Health Promotion 13 20 - PPD 25 – Interview presentations 27 - Thanksgiving Dec. 2 - Interview presentations 4 - Interview presentations FINAL TBA

Fashion Theory

It's a Jungle Out There he based his design work on the Thomson gazelle, found in East Africa. The collection used many animal skins, and featured this brown fur Jacket with horns protruding from the shoulders. Macaque used this to symbolize the relationship between animals and humans. With this Jacket Macaque uses the horns as a signifier signifying power, freedom as well as survival Using this on female models signified power and strength thus giving them empowerment, which was one of his signifier.With usage of the fierce makeup techniques, the female form appears formidable and mighty. The symbolism of the horns used suggests power and the ability to defend them selves Just as the Gazelle's do with predators and when courting, while the leather symbolisms resilience. Macaque strategically places the horns on the shoulders of the Jacket, creating a broader silhouette on the female forming an androgynous profile. This then links to the stereotypical social structure, in which males dominate.The exaggerated shoulders appear to symbolism the limbs of the gazelle reinforcing the minimalists eaters within the design of the garment forming the beginning of the human- animal hybrid. Macaque believed that like a Gazelle, humans are doomed in life and are destined to die at the hands of their predators. Just like a gazelle will be hunted and destroyed, a human will be forgotten and lost if they do not fight for their survival is society and continue to be remarked and discerned. It is ironic that although animals are usually seen as a inferior existence in rank to humans, Macaque uses them to portray strength and power.Here the roles are reversed and unmans are relying on these beasts to represent their ennoblement signifying an exchange of power. Having said this, Macaque, with the animal symbolism, signified freedom. A freedom of expression and identity as an individual, as apposed to conforming. Suzan Hens Macaque however was not the only designer to used horns as imagery and symbols within his collection to represent society through fashion. South African born designer Suzan Haynes also used this symbolism in her newly opened store in Mellower Arch.Suzan admits to gathering her influences from her travels and exposure to the natural. Haynes replaced the heads of her mannequin's in her Mellower arch store with those of reindeer's. Her intention of this was to create a fantasy within her store. The signifier identified is a female form with a reindeer head thus creating the â€Å"hybrid†. This signifies the fantasy that Suzan intends to create. The female form is positioned in such a manner in which to present a ladylike heir of grace to the mannequin. This demure stance is Juxtaposed by the use of the reindeer head. This signifies raw animal instinct.The animal instinct in this context (Store setting) is erectly related to the carnal desire in relation to consumption. It signifies that consumers should be able to give into this desire for fashion as an animal would towards their instinct. This image emphasizes human restraint opposed to animal impulse. This correlates with Roland bathes semiotic theory that links to stories and myth. He argued that there is an agenda behind communication and that agenda is ideology. The idea that the myth is a misrepresentation and has to do with covering something up and what is really going on. Inanimate and animate models and animals

Case Study †Mr Rakesh Sharma Essay Essays

Case Study – Mr Rakesh Sharma Essay Essays Case Study – Mr Rakesh Sharma Essay Essay Case Study – Mr Rakesh Sharma Essay Essay The instance survey given is about a fresh alumnus. Mr. Rakesh Sharma joined Modern Industries Ltd. ( MIL ) in Bangalore as a trainee against a jutting vacancy in the Paints Application Department for annual preparation. Mr. Sharma has been performed really good. The Department Manager and the Training Manager were satisfied with his public presentation in the first two quarters. However. when stepping in to the 3rd one-fourth. Mr. Sharma raised an issue about restricting his preparation period. The petition has non be entertained and Mr. Sharma’s behavior started to alter and became unacceptable. Reding session and warning missive have been issued to him and the state of affairs did non turn good. One of the primary aims of the Training Department is to enroll who have good potency and develop them to be effectual individuals in different section. The Training Manager clearly known that Mr. Sharma is a possible trainee but he failed to develop him in different section and caused Mr. Sharma merely have one pick of section to remain which is the Paint Application Department. The Training Manager have to fight on his rational determination whether to end or non to end Mr. Sharma. There are five issues discussed in this study. These five issues are the chief causes to the job that the Training Manage has to make up ones mind whether he should end Mr. Sharma or non. The five issues are communicating. employees behavior. compensation and benefit. company policy. preparation and development. Furthermore. we besides discussed five options to the Training Manager other than expiration of Mr. Sharma. These five options are apply employee engagement plan. preparation and coaching system. giving short period to demo betterment. reevaluate public presentation of Mr. Sharma and communicate and carry the parties involved. HRM issues that cause to the job Issue 1: Communicationss Effective communicating is indispensable to concern success. â€Å"You can bind back about every employee issue attending. morale. public presentation. and productiveness to communicating. † says Fred Holloway. an HR advisor in Medford. Oregon. Businesss without effectual staff communicating suffer from lost net incomes. hapless productiveness and hapless employee morale. In order to work out many concern jobs. employees need to be able to join forces and collaborate efficaciously. Good communicating can promote employees to work harder. work out jobs together and work towards a common end. It is the occupation of every director to guarantee employees and superior are pass oning efficaciously with each other. In the instances of MIL. we found that there is some communicating jobs between store director and Mr. Sharma ; Training Manager and Mr. Sharma every bit good. More interaction / communicating between trainees has to be established particularly for public presentation assessment intent. Reviewing trainee public presentation one time at the terminal of every one-fourth is excessively long for preparation director to reexamine their public presentation accurately. Trainees’ public presentation might non be consistent from clip to clip and advise might necessitate to be given to them. Besides. preparation director might miss of clearer understanding about their overall public presentation and jobs they faced. Hence. this deficiency of communicating between preparation director and trainees including Mr. Sharma caused director barely to detect their existent public presentations. job faced and what they truly want or do they merit to bask more benefit? These are all the gray countries that left out by public presentations reappraisal. Besides. Department Manager should be communicate and discuss with Mr. Sharma before file a ailment on him to Training Manager. Department Manager obligated to understand employee job and help it to get by with job faced. However. section director failed to make so. This shows there is missing of communicating between Mr. Sharma and Department Manager. Listening and reacting is how we understand the feelings and ideas of the other individual. There is no accomplishment more of import for effectual communicating than taking into consideration the other individual? s position. Try standing in person else? s places ; it will well better your communicating with that individual. In this instance. Training director doesn’t seem to pass on good with Mr. Sharma when Mr. Sharma voice out his petition. The manager’s answer upon Mr. Sharma is more considered as a perfunctory to Mr. Sharma. This caused Mr. Sharma to experience that the petition and jobs were non being taken earnestly by direction. As a consequence. it de-motivated Mr. Sharma to maintain on with preparation. Manager should standing in employee’s places to understand better their exact state of affairs and their demands. It surely assists a batch to better communicating between director and employees. Therefore. we suggest that director should truly look into the affair if any of the subsidiary particularly trainee voicing out sentiment and petitions. Manager should look into and measure such affair deeply upon Mr. Sharma’s request to make up ones mind whether his public presentation is good plenty to restrict his preparation period to 7 months and absorb him as applied scientist. Besides. to look into trainee’s benefits whether it making satisfactory degree for trainees or whether the affair is merely happened on Mr. Sharma since there is an issue has been voice out by him. Issue 2: Employee’s behavior Employee’s behaviour is mentioning to the manner the employee responses toward his/her occupation. By and large. employee’s behaviour can be classified into either positive or negative. A positive behaviour indicates a strong employment battle towards company whereas an employee with negative behaviour shows low employment battle. In this instance. one of the issues found is the personal behaviour of Mr. Sharma. When Mr. Sharma is being informed that his petition to go a regular employee was disapproved. his attitude started to alter otherwise. He so started to go de-motivated and started rejecting to execute in some undertaking which assigned to him. stating that the assigned work should be done by ‘regular workers’ alternatively of a trainee. Such action did non have any attending in the initial period but it so go fickle and unacceptable at last. We think that Mr. Sharma portrait an attitude of egoism. Mr. Sharma merely focuses on self- involvement without being sing for others. In this instance. Mr. Sharma tried to show to the company by practising de-motivate attitude in work. Employees in company supposed to work together as a whole and squad work surely the most of import standards. Unfortunately. Mr. Sharma failed to pattern it in this instance. Another sub-issue of the instance is employment battle. Mr. Sharma showed a low employment battle to the company by going less aggressive and progressive towards the occupation every bit good as declining to work on some undertaking assigned to him. An employee with low battle to company finally lowers down the productiveness and efficiency. We think that Mr. Sharma should hold a long term position instead merely concentrating on short term benefits. As a portion of the company. he should demo an active. progressive and aggressive attitude towards his work to convert preparation director that he deserved to restrict his preparation period and acquire promoted to regular employee. Issue 3: Compensation and Benefits Compensation and benefits is an effectual tool and method to actuate and honor a employee based on their public presentation. However. it could be a sensitive issue between employer and employee while discoursing the content of the compensation and benefits. In this instance survey. Mr. Rakesh Sharma requested that his preparation period be curtailed to 7 months merely and to absorb him as an Engineer. He argued that he had been executing like a regular employee in the section for the last one one-fourth. He indicated that he would derive senior status every bit good as some pecuniary benefits as the trainees were eligible for a stipend merely. The regular employees were eligible for many allowances like conveyance. costliness. house rent. instruction. etc. which was a significant sum every bit compared to the stipend paid to a trainee. Harmonizing to Mr. Sharma’s request. one of the chief factors that he would wish to be absorbed as a regular applied scientist is pecuniary benefits. Hence. the differences between his on-the-job preparation benefits and regular employee benefits have caused him to come out with the petition. This is besides one of the issues that lead to the eventual job of expiration. Employee compensation is the employee inducements and wagess that can do all the difference when it comes to retaining good workers. By and large. compensation and benefits for a regular employee will split into four classs which are: 1. Guaranteed wage: Monetary wages paid by an employer to an employee based on employee/employer dealingss. By and large. it besides known as basic wage. Besides. there is other wage elements which are paid based entirely on employee or employer dealingss. such as senior status allowance. 2. Variable wage: Monetary wages paid by an employer to an employee that is contingent on discretion. public presentation or consequences achieved. For illustration. fillips. committees. costliness. and so on. 3. Benefits: Programs an employer uses to supplement employees’ compensation. such as paid clip off. medical insurance. company auto. and more. 4. Equity-based compensation: A program utilizing the employer’s portion as compensation. The most common illustrations are stock options. These are the compensations and benefits that will have if you are a regular employees of a company. However. Mr. Sharma is non a regular employee yet as his on-the-job preparation is still ongoing and merely 5 months left. Hence. he still considered as a trainee in the company. Although a trainee is non an official employee of a company. he or she might non hold salary. But. trainee may have compensation and benefits from company. Trainee will have a fixed compensation of monthly payment from company. Depends on several company. some company will afford trainee periphery benefits. For illustration. they will publish stipend for trainee. free repast is available for trainee. Besides. some company might publish wellness and medical subsidy for trainee excessively. Yet. a trainee compensation and benefits are still non persuasive when comparison with a regular employee. Lapp with the instance. Mr. Sharma requested to be promoted to a regular applied scientist is non because of his good public presentation on the occupation. it is besides because of the compensation and benefits of a regular employee are more sufficient and attractive.

The eNotes Blog Louise Erdrich Wins 2012 National BookAward

Louise Erdrich Wins 2012 National BookAward It was a good morning for author Louise Erdrich, as she was announced the recipient of 2012s National Book Award for her novel  The Round House.   Like much of Erdrichs other work (Love Medicine, The Red Convertible),  The Round House  concerns the life of a Native American family in crisis and a culture in jeopardy. The Round House  is the story of a crime. Geraldine Coutts, an Ojibwe woman living on a reservation, is attacked. Neither her husband, Bazil, nor her thirteen-year-old son, Joe, were present when she was assaulted. Geraldine will not tell them who did it or or why; nor will she tell the police. Although Joe desperately tries to get her to tell him, or anyone, what happened, Geraldine refuses. She will not even leave her bed. Essentially motherless, Joe is left to fend for himself, although he is far from ready for the weight of adult  responsibilities. Joes father, Bazil, is a tribal judge but justice moves too slowly for the teenager. He begins his own investigation which ultimately leads him to the Round House, a sacred place of worship where, eventually, secrets are revealed. Runners Up: Speculation about who would win this year was a bit more contentious than in years past, as there were many strong contenders, both critically and popularly. One of those considered a good bet was Junot Diazs  This is How You Lose Her.   Ã‚  Nine stories intertwine, but at the center is Yunior, a young hardhead whose longing for love is equaled only by his recklessnessand by the extraordinary women he loves and loses: artistic Alma; the aging Miss Lora; Magdalena, who thinks all Dominican men are cheaters; and the love of his life, whose heartbreak ultimately becomes his own. While Diaz is undoubtedly disappointed by his loss, he certainly has a lot to console him, as this year, the 44-year-old writer was given a MacArthur Fellowship. You can listen to an interview with Diaz about that prestigious appointment here. A long shot, but a strong critical and popular favorite was not a novel but a memoir.  The Boy Kings of Texas  is about the experiences of Domingo Martinez as he grew up in the border town of Brownsville, Texas. The book is Partly a reflection on the culture of machismo and partly an exploration of the author’s boyhood spent in his sister’s hand-me-down clothes,  The Boy Kings of Texas  delves into the enduring and complex bond between Martinez and his deeply flawed but fiercely protective older brother, Daniel, and features a cast of memorable characters. Charming, painful and enlightening, this book examines the traumas and pleasures of growing up in South Texas and the often terrible consequences when two very different cultures collide on the banks  of a dying river. One of the stories from the work was featured in a must-listen segment of last weeks episode of  This American Life.  You can listen to the full episode here, or queue it up to Act III to hear Martinez read Mimis in the Middle. In another episode of the autobiography, the 13-year-old Domingo is a helpless passenger in his mothers car as she and Domingo follow his father, who is driving a truck full of marijuana, all of them hoping they do not get caught. Christmas is coming up, you know. How about adding one of these, or all three, to your wish list?

Case Studies - Tests of controls and tests of balances in audit Essay

Case Studies - Tests of controls and tests of balances in audit program format - Essay Example g the test of controls for cash in the case of The Ourtown Independent School District should have the following questions answered by yes, no, or not applicable. If the answer is no, the next for any of the following questions pertaining to cash receipts for agency should lead us to conduct more extensive test on balances since such negative answer or answers will denote a weakness of the internal control that would affect the materiality of misstatement in the accounts pertaining to the company under audit. The Ourtown Independent School District’s cash disbursements, answers to the following questions s will assist in assuring that all payments are properly approved, recorded, and supported by appropriate documentation as way of testing the presence of appropriate controls. Since internal control includes all the policies and procedures to safeguard the school district’ assets, an analysis of the journal entries should also be evaluated. Accounting realities may provide the special opportunity to make adjustments to accounting records. Although the general journal is used as basis to record non cash items, it is also as important as the other books of original entry namely the cash receipts and cash disbursements journals. Entries made could used to hide the fraud committed on case; hence the answers to the following questions are desirable for the test of controls for cash: Part of good internal control for cash is the existence of trust fund system which requires the practice of establishment and maintenance of petty cash. To ensure the same, the following questions could be used to evaluate whether controls are meant to provide for a timely recording of expenditures of cash in the accounting system: A good internal control for cash requires periodic bank account reconciliation, which is a primary tool for assuring the proper recording and accounting for all cash account activity. To attain the accomplishment of the same the following questions need

The Engineering Field Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Engineering Field - Research Paper Example Civil engineering is one of the oldest fields in engineering that arose out of the many challenges that humanity experienced in the early days. Civil engineers are concerned with overseeing the construction of tunnels, roads, bridges, airports and many other infrastructures. In the course of their job, civil engineers take account of several factors just to ensure that the final product meets the standards expected. This is done taking account of the fact that the products are normally expected to last for several years and withstand many environmental challenges. In that regard, the engineers will normally consider factors such as the best design to use, the environmental conditions, the lifetime expected from the infrastructure and even government regulations. Civil engineering itself incorporates many different specializations that are in one way or another related to one another. These disciplines have gradually evolved over time as new realities forced engineers to seek better w ays to cope. Some of the major components of civil engineering include structural, environmental, geotechnical water, construction and urban planning. Normally in practice these fields relate to each other as engineers do their work. The most conspicuous field that comes to mind whenever someone talks about civil engineering is structural engineering. Here, engineers are faced with the difficult task of designing enduring structures that will resist all the environmental confrontations. They must use the appropriate materials to ensure the work is properly done. On the other hand, the knowledge of environmental engineers become almost indispensable as we try conserve the few resources that continue to diminish as the world’s population continue to surge. Their main concern is to provide a safe environment for humanity despite the pollution, to provide better ways of disposing our hazardous waste and how to manage the world’s water resources for us and for the posterity . Geotechnical engineering is concerned with those infrastructural facilities that are below the ground or dealing with the soil. A geotechnical engineer will therefore analyze such aspects as the type of soil, the stability of the ground, slopes and the quality of the rocks in a given area to determine whether they can support structures like tunnels, sewage systems, dam embankments and other infrastructure. A construction engineer on the other hand is concerned about all forms of transport infrastructure like roads, highways, railroads, airports etc. All these areas will no doubt require the best of minds given that quality should never be compromised in engineering. The most important aspect to note is that engineering is never a solitary venture. It is all about interdependence of different disciplines like architecture, survey and other areas all of which combine to give the knowledge that we seek in advancing humanity forward. List specific core (junior and/or senior) courses which are of the most interest to you and why. Also include three schools which offer the program.